Tarmbakterielle Infeksjoner I Hester

2024 Forfatter: Daisy Haig | [email protected]. Sist endret: 2023-12-17 03:12

Endotoksemi hos hester

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Tilstedeværelsen av endotoksiner i blodet er referert til som endotoksemi. Disse toksinene skyldes vanligvis tilstedeværelsen av visse typer bakterier i hestens tarm som har brutt tarmveggen og kommet inn i blodstrømmen. Hvis det ikke behandles raskt, kan endotoksemi føre til sjokk, laminitt og død. Denne tilstanden ses både hos voksne hester og hos nyfødte føll.

Symptomer

Som tidligere nevnt kan endotoksemi føre til sjokk, nærmere bestemt endotoksisk sjokk. Dette er en ekstremt farlig tilstand som fører til rask forverring og vil føre til død hvis behandling ikke iverksettes umiddelbart. Symptomer på denne tilstanden inkluderer:

• Depresjon
• Sløvhet
• Dehydrering
• Anoreksi
• Akutt diaré
• En økning i pulsfrekvensen (dvs. over 80 slag per minutt)
• Mørk lilla slimhinner
• Kolikklignende symptomer (f.eks. Magesmerter, oppblåsthet, gass)
• Feber etterfulgt av unormalt lav temperatur

Etter hvert som sykdommen utvikler seg, kan hesten utvikle laminitt, en smertefull og svekkende hovtilstand som får hovveggen og beinet inne i hoven til å skille seg.

Årsaken

Årsaken til endotoksemi er toksinet kalt lipopolysakkarid (LPS), som er tilstede i celleveggene til gramnegative bakterier. Noen typer gramnegative bakterier er naturlig i tarmfloraen og forårsaker ingen skade med mindre hesten er syk av en annen grunn, og disse bakteriene begynner å spre seg for mye og bryter deretter tarmveggen og går dermed inn i blodet. Når disse bakteriene dør, brister celleveggene, frigjør LPS i blodet og forårsaker endotoksemi. E. coli, Salmonella og Enterobacter er vanlige gramnegative bakterier som forårsaker endotoksemi.

Noen utelukkende forhold som kan føre til utvikling av endotoksemi inkluderer:

• Skader på slimhinnen i tarmene
• Betennelse i tynntarmen
• Vred tarm
• Kolitt (en alvorlig tarmtilstand forårsaket av stress)
• Akutt metritt (alvorlig betennelse i livmoren på grunn av infeksjon, vanligvis fra en beholdt morkake)
• Infeksjon av navlen i føll
• Utilstrekkelig inntak av råmelk i føll

Diagnose

Hester utvikler endotoksemi sekundært til en annen alvorlig sykdom, og disse dyrene er allerede veldig syke og sannsynligvis allerede på sykehuset. Endotoksemi diagnostiseres ved kliniske tegn og noen ganger ved bakteriekultur av hestens blod.

Behandling

I tilfeller av endotoksemi må hester behandles umiddelbart for at de skal lykkes. Det er flere behandlingsforløp og støttende behandling, inkludert intensiv antibiotika, IV væsketerapi for å opprettholde hydrering og støtte det kardiovaskulære systemet, og administrering av et ikke-steroide antiinflammatoriske medikamenter (NSAID) som flunixin meglumin (Banamine), som hjelper med hestens smerter, kontrollerer betennelse og motvirker endotoksinet. Plasmaoverføringer brukes også noen ganger.

Bo og ledelse

Endotoksemi er en ekstremt farlig tilstand, og til og med tilfeller som får aggressiv behandling kan det hende at de ikke kommer seg. I tillegg kan endotoksemi forårsake andre problemer som laminitt (betennelse i hoven) som kan være svekkende. Prognose er ekstremt bevoktet for alle tilfeller av endotoksemi.